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常用的壓電(dian)加速度傳感器的結構分(fen)為：彈(dan)簧，質塊(kuai)，基(ji)座，壓電(dian)元件，夾持環(huan)。壓電(dian)元件—質量塊(kuai)—彈(dan)簧系統裝在圓形中心支柱上，支柱與(yu)基(ji)座連接。這種結構有高的共(gong)振頻率。然而基(ji)座與(yu)測(ce)試對象連接時，如果(guo)基(ji)座有變形則將直(zhi)接

 常用的(de)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳感器的(de)結構分為：彈簧(huang)(huang)，質塊(kuai)，基(ji)(ji)座(zuo)，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，夾持(chi)環。壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)—質量塊(kuai)—彈簧(huang)(huang)系統裝在圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)中(zhong)心支柱(zhu)上，支柱(zhu)與基(ji)(ji)座(zuo)連接(jie)。這(zhe)種結構有(you)(you)(you)高(gao)的(de)共振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率。然(ran)而基(ji)(ji)座(zuo)與測試(shi)對(dui)象連接(jie)時，如果基(ji)(ji)座(zuo)有(you)(you)(you)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)則(ze)將(jiang)直接(jie)影(ying)響(xiang)拾振(zhen)(zhen)器輸出。此(ci)外，測試(shi)對(dui)象和(he)環境溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)將(jiang)影(ying)響(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)，并使預(yu)緊(jin)力發生變(bian)化(hua)，易引起溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)漂移。壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)由(you)夾持(chi)環將(jiang)其(qi)夾牢在三角(jiao)形(xing)(xing)中(zhong)心柱(zhu)上。壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳感器感受軸向振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)時，壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)承受切應(ying)力。這(zhe)種結構對(dui)底座(zuo)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)有(you)(you)(you)*的(de)隔離作(zuo)用，有(you)(you)(you)較高(gao)的(de)共振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率和(he)良好(hao)的(de)線(xian)性。環形(xing)(xing)剪切型(xing)，結構簡單，能(neng)做成極小(xiao)型(xing)、高(gao)共振(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率的(de)加(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)計，環形(xing)(xing)質量塊(kuai)粘(zhan)到裝在中(zhong)心支柱(zhu)上的(de)環形(xing)(xing)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)元(yuan)(yuan)件(jian)(jian)上。由(you)于(yu)粘(zhan)結劑(ji)會隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)增高(gao)而變(bian)軟(ruan)，因此(ci)工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)受到限制。

　　壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)取(qu)決于(yu)(yu)(yu)幅(fu)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)曲線中的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)，一般小(xiao)阻尼(z<=0.1)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，上(shang)(shang)(shang)限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)若取(qu)為共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/3，便(bian)可(ke)(ke)保證幅(fu)值誤差(cha)低(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1dB（即12%）；若取(qu)為共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1/5，則可(ke)(ke)保證幅(fu)值誤差(cha)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)0.5dB（即6%），相移小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)30。但(dan)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)與(yu)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)狀(zhuang)況有關，壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)出(chu)廠(chang)時(shi)給(gei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幅(fu)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)曲線是在剛(gang)性連接(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)情(qing)況下(xia)得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。實際使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)往(wang)往(wang)難(nan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)達到(dao)剛(gang)性連接(jie)，因而共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)和使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)都會有所下(xia)降。其中采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)固(gu)定(ding)，是使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)能達到(dao)出(chu)廠(chang)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)。螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)不得全部擰(ning)入基座螺(luo)(luo)孔，以(yi)免(mian)引起基座變形，影(ying)響壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出(chu)。在安裝面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)涂一層硅脂可(ke)(ke)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)不平(ping)整(zheng)安裝表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)連接(jie)可(ke)(ke)靠性。需要絕(jue)(jue)緣時(shi)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)絕(jue)(jue)緣螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)和云(yun)母墊片來固(gu)定(ding)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，但(dan)墊圈(quan)應盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)簿。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一層簿蠟(la)把壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)粘(zhan)(zhan)在試件(jian)平(ping)整(zheng)表(biao)面(mian)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)(di)溫（40℃以(yi)下(xia)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)場合(he)。手(shou)持探針測(ce)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa),在多點測(ce)試時(shi)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)特(te)別方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，但(dan)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha)較大，重復(fu)性差(cha)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)限頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)一般不高于(yu)(yu)(yu)1000Hz。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁鐵(tie)固(gu)定(ding)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)，多在低(di)(di)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)測(ce)量(liang)(liang)中使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。此法(fa)(fa)也(ye)可(ke)(ke)使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)試件(jian)絕(jue)(jue)緣。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)硬性粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)或粘(zhan)(zhan)接(jie)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)固(gu)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)也(ye)長使(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。某種典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)速(su)度(du)(du)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)上(shang)(shang)(shang)述(shu)各種固(gu)定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)共(gong)(gong)(gong)振(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)頻(pin)(pin)(pin)率(lv)分別約為：鋼螺(luo)(luo)栓(shuan)(shuan)固(gu)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)31kHz，云(yun)母墊片28kHz，涂簿蠟(la)層29kHz，手(shou)持法(fa)(fa)2kHz，磁鐵(tie)固(gu)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)7kHz。